How a Large Language Model (LLM) Works
1. Fundamental Architecture: The Transformer The foundation of modern LLMs (Large Language Models) is the Transformer architecture [1]. Unlike RNNs (Recurrent Neural Networks) and LSTMs (Long Short-Term Memory networks), which process text one step after another, the Transformer processes the entire sequence in parallel. This allows better modeling of long-range dependencies and faster training [1]. Figure: Flow of the Transformer architecture (attention, encoder/decoder, feed-forward). Source: Vaswani et al. [1]. ...